Group work is a very common practice in higher education when it comes to developing key competences for students’ personal and professional growth. The goals that students pursue when working in teams determine how they organize and regulate their behavior and how they approach the tasks. The academic goals are a relevant variable that can condition the success of the group, as they guide and direct the students towards involvement in the task, the effort they make, and the desire to (...) increase their academic competence, and their learning. Thus, the need arises to create new evaluation instruments to help us understand the importance of academic goals when students work as a team. The purpose of this paper is to corroborate the construct validity of the Questionnaire on Teamwork Learning Goals (QTLG) based on the Achievement Goal Questionnaire (3x2 AGQ) of Elliot, Murayama & Pekrun (2011) in the context of teamwork, and to determine if the model 3X2 offers a better fit to the data than other models, such as: 2x2; Trichotomous; Definition; Valence, among others. The results obtained from a sample of 700 students from 6 Spanish universities confirm that, in the context of teamwork, the 3x2 model fits the data better than the rest of the models subjected to confirmatory analysis, with contrasting evidence of validity and reliability. Therefore, we considered it a useful instrument for studying motivation in the group work context. The QTLG has practical applications, allowing us to explore in detail the academic goals of university students. (shrink)

Desde un análisis del Curso de teoría del conocimiento en este trabajo se afronta la peculiaridad del tiempo humano, especialmente del tiempo de la esencia humana, y se glosa la importancia de la virtud.

En este artículo se trata sobre la controvertida cuestión del origen de la amidá, principal oración del servicio religioso judío, en el contexto de creación de la liturgia rabínica tras la destrucción del Templo de Jerusalén en el año 70 d. C. Para ello se analiza primero su estructura formal y literaria, ofreciendo a continuación un análisis crítico sobre su origen que se hace eco del debate académico acerca de la cuestión. En apéndice se ofrece una traducción anotada de esta (...) oración rabínica del s. I d. C. (shrink)

In contrast with the realist philosophical tradition which situates being at the apex of the transcendentals, the line of thought that originates from Descartes replaces it with truth understood as certainty. The conflict between realism and idealism is one of the most fecund philosophical disputes in the last two centuries; and Millán-Puelles, one of the foremost Spanish philosophers is a principal protagonist.

Una reflexión sobre el deterioro del hombre a lo largo de la historia, sobre las implicaciones de conceptos como libertad, autonomía y azar en un mundo que leemos en crisis; el texto dialoga con diversos pensadores y escritores sobre los límites de la acción humana, desde estos ámbitos se busca responder a las preguntas más urgentes de nuestro tiempo, se busca clarificar los parámetros que definen el concepto de dignidad humana.

Cooperative learning encourages the development of interpersonal skills and motivates students to participate more actively in the teaching and learning process. This study explores the impact of cooperative learning on the academic goals influencing university students’ behavior and leading to the attainment of a series of academic objectives. To this end, a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was used, with a sample of 509 university students from Preschool, Primary and Social Education undergraduate degree courses. Using the Academic Goals Questionnaire, pretest (...) and posttest measures were taken via self-reports to evaluate three types of academic goals: learning goals, social reinforcement goals and achievement goals. The results show that cooperative learning is an effective tool for encouraging university students to develop academic goals that motivate them to fully engage with the tasks they are set in order to acquire knowledge and skills. In addition, when students are asked to work as part of a team on an autonomous basis without the structure and supervision necessary to ensure a minimum standard of cooperation, they display a greater tendency toward social reinforcement goals than toward learning and achievement goals. These findings contribute new knowledge to the conceptual framework on cooperative learning. Goals may be considered one of the most important variables influencing students’ learning and the use of cooperative learning techniques in university classrooms creates the necessary conditions for encouraging students to develop goals oriented toward learning. (shrink)

This article discusses one of the most controversial topics on the creation of Rabbinic Jewish Liturgy—the origin of the Amidah, the main prayer in the Jewish religious public service, after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 E. C. To this end, the formal and literary structure of the Amidah is analyzed followed by a critical discussion on its origin that contributes to the scholarly debate on the topic. An annotated Spanish translation of this first-century prayer is rendered as (...) an Appendix. (shrink)

Hume propounds the aporetic principle of correspondence betwen impres-sions and ideas, in order to solve the problem of the genesis of the ideas. This principle, which lacks universal validity, reduces the idea to image and deprives it of universality. In this way is postulated a rigorous and uni-versal nominalism, which converts the ideas into non referential unities the same as the Urimpressions (Husserl) and sets aside the possibility of metaphysics.

Ethics is a serious matter as human actions are cybernetic. Actions are not lost nor do they leave the agent unaffected. Every single actions returns to the agent in the form of a fine chisel that carves him from inside. The interior quality brought about by our actions is called vice and virtue.

Dieser Band fragt nach Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden zwischen Phänomenologie und Pädagogik in historischer, systematischer, praktischer und methodologischer Hinsicht. Er bietet eine strukturierte Zusammenstellung und Auswertung traditioneller und aktueller Ansätze im deutschsprachigen und internationalen Diskurs der phänomenologischen Erziehungswissenschaft. Das Verhältnis von Pädagogik und Phänomenologie wird in phänomenologischen Beschreibungen und Analysen pädagogischer Phänomene, in historischen und systematischen Untersuchungen, in Studien zum schulischen Lernen und Erziehen sowie zur phänomenologischen Forschungspraxis diskutiert und veranschaulicht.

Hume propounds the aporetic principle of correspondence betwen impressions and ideas, in order to solve the problem of the genesis of the ideas. This principle, which lacks universal validity, reduces the idea to image and deprives it of universality. In this way is postulated a rigorous and universal nominalism, which converts the ideas into non referential unities the same as the Urimpressions (Husserl) and sets aside the possibility of metaphysics.

Ethics is a serious matter as human actions are cybernetic. Actions are not lost nor do they leave the agent unaffected. Every single actions returns to the agent in the form of a fine chisel that carves him from inside. The interior quality brought about by our actions is called vice and virtue.

Philosophers have long debated whether, if determinism is true, we should hold people morally responsible for their actions since in a deterministic universe, people are arguably not the ultimate source of their actions nor could they have done otherwise if initial conditions and the laws of nature are held fixed. To reveal how non-philosophers ordinarily reason about the conditions for free will, we conducted a cross-cultural and cross-linguistic survey (N = 5,268) spanning twenty countries and sixteen languages. Overall, participants tended (...) to ascribe moral responsibility whether the perpetrator lacked sourcehood or alternate possibilities. However, for American, European, and Middle Eastern participants, being the ultimate source of one’s actions promoted perceptions of free will and control as well as ascriptions of blame and punishment. By contrast, being the source of one’s actions was not particularly salient to Asian participants. Finally, across cultures, participants exhibiting greater cognitive reflection were more likely to view free will as incompatible with causal determinism. We discuss these findings in light of documented cultural differences in the tendency toward dispositional versus situational attributions. (shrink)

This article examines whether people share the Gettier intuition (viz. that someone who has a true justified belief that p may nonetheless fail to know that p) in 24 sites, located in 23 countries (counting Hong Kong as a distinct country) and across 17 languages. We also consider the possible influence of gender and personality on this intuition with a very large sample size. Finally, we examine whether the Gettier intuition varies across people as a function of their disposition to (...) engage in “reflective” thinking. (shrink)

In the remainder of this article, we will disarm an important motivation for epistemic contextualism and interest-relative invariantism. We will accomplish this by presenting a stringent test of whether there is a stakes effect on ordinary knowledge ascription. Having shown that, even on a stringent way of testing, stakes fail to impact ordinary knowledge ascription, we will conclude that we should take another look at classical invariantism. Here is how we will proceed. Section 1 lays out some limitations of previous (...) research on stakes. Section 2 presents our study and concludes that there is little evidence for a substantial stakes effect. Section 3 responds to objections. The conclusion clears the way for classical invariantism. (shrink)

Since at least Hume and Kant, philosophers working on the nature of aesthetic judgment have generally agreed that common sense does not treat aesthetic judgments in the same way as typical expressions of subjective preferences—rather, it endows them with intersubjective validity, the property of being right or wrong regardless of disagreement. Moreover, this apparent intersubjective validity has been taken to constitute one of the main explananda for philosophical accounts of aesthetic judgment. But is it really the case that most people (...) spontaneously treat aesthetic judgments as having intersubjective validity? In this paper, we report the results of a cross‐cultural study with over 2,000 respondents spanning 19 countries. Despite significant geographical variations, these results suggest that most people do not treat their own aesthetic judgments as having intersubjective validity. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for theories of aesthetic judgment and the purpose of aesthetics in general. (shrink)

Does the Ship of Theseus present a genuine puzzle about persistence due to conflicting intuitions based on “continuity of form” and “continuity of matter” pulling in opposite directions? Philosophers are divided. Some claim that it presents a genuine puzzle but disagree over whether there is a solution. Others claim that there is no puzzle at all since the case has an obvious solution. To assess these proposals, we conducted a cross-cultural study involving nearly 3,000 people across twenty-two countries, speaking eighteen (...) different languages. Our results speak against the proposal that there is no puzzle at all and against the proposal that there is a puzzle but one that has no solution. Our results suggest that there are two criteria—“continuity of form” and “continuity of matter”— that constitute our concept of persistence and these two criteria receive different weightings in settling matters concerning persistence. (shrink)

Is behavioral integration a necessary feature of belief in folk psychology? Our data from over 5,000 people across 26 samples, spanning 22 countries suggests that it is not. Given the surprising cross-cultural robustness of our findings, we argue that the types of evidence for the ascription of a belief are, at least in some circumstances, lexicographically ordered: assertions are first taken into account, and when an agent sincerely asserts that p, nonlinguistic behavioral evidence is disregarded. In light of this, we (...) take ourselves to have discovered a universal principle governing the ascription of beliefs in folk psychology. (shrink)

Las prácticas de la lectura y la escritura han sufrido, en los últimos años, profundas transformaciones en respuesta al mundo post-industrial cambiante que nos enfrentamos como maestros. La ampliación del objeto literario a nuevos espacios de expresión cultural, está revisando conceptos como el canon, la belleza, el género, el papel del lector, así como la reformulación de lo que significa para leer y escribir literatura en un contexto universitario. En este sentido, consideramos que si la universidad se ha adaptado a (...) estos diversos escenarios culturales e históricos con el fin de ser capaz de formar lectores y escritores eficaces en el nuevo contexto cultural y más específicamente en el literario. Probablemente deberíamos revisar nuestro papel mediador en el aula para que podamos articular productivamente las expectativas de lectura y escritura a cada estudiante tiene y la oferta académica de la universidad. En este artículo vamos a tratar con los principales problemas relacionados con la lectura y la escritura de la literatura en la Universidad; y vamos a elaborar una propuesta para un taller curricular articulando estas dos actividades, mientras que la integración de las contribuciones específicas didácticas en la enseñanza de la literatura y disciplinas como la teoría literaria, la semiótica y la crítica. (shrink)

En el presente artículo me ocupo de la discusión acerca de cuán exigentes son nuestras obligaciones de contribuir con dinero y tiempo a las agencias humanitarias que asisten a personas en situación de pobreza extrema en el mundo. Defiendo una posición intermedia, moderada, frente a la posición extrema formulada por Peter Singer y frente a la posición según la cual nuestras obligaciones son mínimas. La objeción principal contra esas dos posiciones es que, cuando analizan la situación en que los potenciales (...) donantes se encuentran frente a las personas en situación de pobreza extrema, omiten el carácter iterativo que es propio de esa situación. La posición moderada, en cambio, tiene en cuenta ese carácter, gracias a que entiende a nuestras obligaciones hacia los pobres globales como obligaciones imperfectas. In this article I engage in the debate about the demandingness of our duties to contribute with money and time to humanitarian agencies that assist people who live in extreme poverty around the world. I defend an intermediate, moderate, view against Peter Singer's extreme view, and also against the view according to which our duties are minimal. The main objection regarding those two views is that, when they analyze the situation in which potential donors are vis-à-vis people who live in extreme poverty, they miss its distinctive iterative character. The moderate view, on the contrary, pays heed to that character, thanks to its account of our duties towards the global poor as imperfect duties. (shrink)